Which principle prevents any one branch of government from having too much power?

• A. Federalism
• B. Checks and balances
• C. Judicial review
• D. Direct democracy

Answer: (B)

The principle that prevents any one branch of government from having too much power is checks and balances. This system is designed to ensure that the three branches of government—executive, legislative, and judicial—are able to monitor and limit each other's functions. By doing so, it creates a framework in which each branch has specific powers and responsibilities, along with the ability to check the actions of the others. For instance, while the legislative branch creates laws, the executive branch has the power to veto those laws, and the judicial branch can interpret and review the laws to ensure they comply with the Constitution. This interdependent structure is essential for maintaining the balance of power, preventing any single branch from becoming dominant, and safeguarding democratic principles.

Federalism refers to the distribution of power between the national and state governments, while judicial review allows the courts to determine the constitutionality of laws and actions. Direct democracy involves the participation of citizens in decision-making, but it doesn't specifically address the distribution of power among the branches of government.