Which power does the Constitution explicitly grant to Congress?

• A. Conducting foreign policy
• B. Declaring war
• C. Appointing federal judges
• D. Issuing executive orders

Answer: (B)

The Constitution explicitly grants Congress the power to declare war, as outlined in Article I, Section 8. This section enumerates specific powers assigned to Congress, and declaring war is one of them. The rationale behind this provision is to ensure that a body representing the populace—the legislature—has the authority to make such significant decisions that involve national security and the commitment of resources and lives.

In contrast, conducting foreign policy is typically expected to be managed by the executive branch, specifically the president, although Congress does play a role in ratifying treaties and regulating commerce with foreign nations. Appointing federal judges is a power reserved for the president, with Senate approval needed for those appointments, highlighting the separation of powers. Issuing executive orders is an authority held by the president to manage the operations of the federal government, further distinguishing it from legislative powers granted to Congress.